The base of language self-development lies in the Google Neural Machine Translation System, a part of the Google Brain project. GNMT was deployed in Google Translate in 2007 and has been successfully in use since then. 

The main feature of GNMT is that it works with entire sentences rather than individual words. It basically treats sentences as cluster sets, and similar phrases of languages tend to fall in same clusters. It generates the data sets by encoding the semantics of the sentence, rather than by memorizing phrase-to-phrase translations. The most radical advantage of this methodology was that it enabled Google Translate to convert phrases in languages for which it was not trained.

It led to many beliefs that the system converted the languages into an incomprehensible intermediate language that it used to translate into untrained languages. However, it actually works by self-training the system using existing similar and coinciding data sets

The issue of self-development was brought in focus when a research experiment paper was published by Facebook AI Research Lab. It was regarding a Facebook AI engine that was discontinued when it communicated using language semantics that did not follow natural language rules and were therefore, beyond human understanding. 

Researchers at Facebook AI Research Lab discovered that two chat bots had developed new semantics to ease their communication which could not be understood by humans. This phenomena came to notice when the bots were challenged to negotiate with each other over a trade, attempting to swap goods of different values. The bots were instructed to work out how to negotiate and improve their bartering as they went along. But no specific instructions were given as to use comprehensible English, allowing them to create their own 'shorthand'.

Blue Whale Game also popularly known as Blue Whale Challenge is an online game in which participants are assigned tasks, which may include challenges like waking up at odd hours, climbing on a crane, self mutilation etc.
These tasks are assigned for a course of 50 days by some anonymous administrator. The game gets intense with each task.
It is one of the most controversial game because it urges the participants to win the game by taking their own life. Yes, the last and the ultimate task is to commit suicide.



The thing that you should know about this mind-numbing game is that, it is not like a video game, it is more like a chain of letters, each letter has a task.
These tasks can be assigned by the administrator of the game in advance, or can be assigned on the day of the task.
The authorities know nothing about the administrator, they don't even know whether there is 1 or many administrators behind this heinous task allotment.

ORIGIN

The game is specifically called 'Blue Whale', because it is based on a phenomenon of beached whales, where these whales strand themselves mainly in the beaches and eventually die due to dehydration.
Now talking about the origin of the game, it is believed that the early version of the game was launched in 2013, on the Russian Social Network VK.
Later in 2016, a Russian news site reported that groups on VK were linked to 130 teen suicides in Russia.

CREATOR

The cynic mastermind who curated this sick game from scratch is behind the bars. 21-year-old Philipp Budeikin, a former psychology student who claimed to have invented the game has been arrested by the Russian authorities and detained for three years and four months. According to him he was trying to 'cleanse society' by removing the 'biological waste'.
During his trial, Budeikin claimed that he has been suffering from bipolar disorder that led him to push teenage girls into committing suicide, but was found to be sane by the court.

Image source: news.sky

BLUE WHALE IN INDIA

The question is when and how did the game cross national boundaries and reached our country, India?
The most probable answer is 'social media'. As the game started a wave of death in other countries, soon the social media savvy teens of India discovered it via hashtags on Twitter, Tumblr, Facebook and Instagram, early this year in 2017.
It turned into a heated discussion for news and media only after the suicide cases that shook the nation.
The first incident happened on 30th July 2017, when a 14-year-old committed suicide by jumping from the seventh floor of an Andheri East building in Mumbai. Maharashtra C.M Devendra Fadnavis blaimed the suicide on the Blue Whale Game.
Few days later, on 10th August 2017, the second suicide attempt took place in Indore where a class VII boy tried to jump off the third floor of a school building. Fortunately the boy was saved by a group of students before he could take his final leap.
On the same day, a 14-year-old boy was rescued by Maharashtra Police who was on his way to complete a Blue Whale challenge, after he went missing from his home.

HOW THE SOCIAL NETWORKS ARE HELPING

Well the same social networks which made Blue Whale viral, are now helping to overcome the moral panic at their end.
Now if anyone types any sensitive keyword related to this game on social media, he will see some suicide prevention resources or suicide support group contacts.
I tried it myself, i specifically searched 'Blue Whale' on some of the social networks and you can see what i found:

On Tumblr

On Facebook

On Instagram

The moment I heard about this Blue Whale game, i was reminded of 'Nerve', a Hollywood movie of 2016. The movie wasn't a hit on the box-office but it is quite similar to Blue Whale game. Nerve is about an online game with the same name 'nerve' which becomes a trend amongst the youngsters. One can either be a 'player' or a 'watcher'. The player has to perform some risky thrills while being live on the game for the watchers to watch, in order to complete tasks assigned to them.

These dangerous stunts with devastating effects are alright behind the movie camera, but real life is all about living without a threat of self-harm or any harm to others.
The young, immature teenagers need to understand that although these games fuel the adrenaline, when something as major as life is at stake, it is always better to stay away.
May be life isn't perfect, but it is definitely beautiful. Let us try to keep it that way.

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The deep web consists of those portions of the internet that are not accessible directly through standard search engines. Ironically, 96% of the actual internet content is on the deep web. So what you view in your general search results is about 4% of the information actually available.

The deep web essentially contains non-indexed contents, dynamic contents, limited access data, private data, unlinked web elements and other similar contents that cannot be detected by the crawlers of common search engines.

It is hard for search engine crawlers to find data in the deep web. This data isn't always concealed on purpose. More often than not, it is difficult for the existing search engines to discover or analyze it. 

To understand the workings of deep web, we first need to comprehend how normal search engines work.

Search engines generally use automated crawlers that discover domains and then follow all hyperlinks on the page to create a virtual map (index) of the internet. When you perform a search, the engine actually searches its index for the entered keyword and displays all the links where it found that word.

Now suppose there was a web page within a domain that contains relevant and crucial information; but there was no direct hyperlink to reach that page from the main domain. In that case, the webpage will not be displayed in the search result. Such pages are a part of the deep web. Other deep web components include private websites that require login passwords to access, timed-access websites, domain-specific access websites, location-specific access websites. Also, private data such as research databases, medical records, banking transactions, social media feeds etc. are all deep web data. Such data cannot be penetrated by regular crawlers. 

To access the content of the deep web, special methods and technologies are used. These include deep web search engines and special browsers. The deep web search engines perform search on the indexed data as well as the background databases. They override the time, domain and location privacy of web content. They also performs deep searches to find non-indexed and unlinked web pages. These search engines can even overcome the password or payment requirements and access the private content from websites and databases.

"The biggest weakness of the Deep Web is also its greatest strength: it's really hard to find anything." - Google

Now that you know what is the deep web and how it works, lets explore it in depth.

To perform deep web searches, you first need to find an optimal deep web search engine.

These search engines are the entry gateways to a limitless well of information.

Some of the most commonly used deep web search engines that provide excellent results are:

• Torch:                   http://www.torchtorsearch.com/
• WWW Virtual Library:     http://vlib.org/
• DuckDuckGo:              https://duckduckgo.com/
• Ahmia:                   https://ahmia.fi/

These are the search engines that you can directly access from your regular browsers. However, if you really want to dive deep in the Deep Web, you need specialized browsers like "TOR". Some of the extensive deep web search engines and services, for eg. the ".onion" websites, only work on TOR browsers. The normal browsers either block these search domains or cannot find them due to high privacy settings. The TOR specialized Deep Web search engines include:

• Onion URL Repository
• TorLinks
• HiddenWiki 

Onion Routing was originally developed by United States Naval Research Laboratories and further advanced by DARPA. 

The alpha version of the TOR Project was launched in September 2002 and its public release occurred a year later.

TOR browser is now available as a free download for the general public to surf the web anonymously.   

TOR is an anonymity network that aims to hide its' users location and online activity. It allows its users to browse the internet and communicate in relative privacy without the threat of eavesdropping, snooping, network monitoring etc.    

TOR firstly encrypts the data to be transferred over the network by bundling it into packets. These packets are then stripped of the header that contains source address, making the sender untraceable. TOR provides further sender and receiver anonymity by routing your network traffic through the TOR network. The TOR network is an extensive and very complicate network of servers, bridges and relays that are specifically used to conceal the path of the data packets by bouncing it through multiple random TOR servers. As there is no source header in the packet, it becomes virtually impossible to trace the originating location or path of the information.

Thus TOR helps in providing anonymity and very high level of privacy to its users. It is used by military, journalists, whistle-blowers, political and human rights activists (especially in oppressed and dictatorship regions) and anyone who wishes to protect their online privacy. However, due to its properties, it is also often used by criminals and illegal traders. 

TOR basically provides a platform for safe and anonymous web browsing. It is the duty of its users to not misuse its services for their own and others' security.

Now, it is up to you how you explore the sea of information on the internet: surf the waves of the surface web or dive deep into the hidden depths of the deep web...

Read another amazing article "The power of Voice"

Download TOR here: https://www.torproject.org/download/download-easy.html.en

Image Source: Microsoft

What is Augmented Reality?

Image source: surewin

Is Augmented Reality different from Virtual Reality?

Image Source: Microsoft Hololens Minecraft Demo

Applications of Augmented Reality